The symptoms and treatment for depression Essay Example For Students

The symptoms and treatment for depression Essay The Symptoms and the Treatment of DepressionDepression has been a part of our lives for as long as humans have been on the earth. Everyone has had days when nothing was going right. But it all depends with an individual how to handled this adversity and how depressed that person becomes. Depression is considered to be the common cold of psychological disorders. This is because depression is the most common mood disorder. In fact, depression is becoming more and more widespread and the incidences of depressive disorders are increasing rapidly. Before we can go any further, we must know what depression is and what causes it. Depression is an emotion that is felt along with a strong physical side effect. There are ways to tell when a person is feeling down depressed. Usually caused from something that has already happened in that persons life. There are many sources of these factors that may lead to depression. They can include one or more of the following, unhappy relationships, divorce/separation, financial difficulties, problems at work, children leaving home, old age, illness, etc. These events in a persons life usually create stress in his or her lives. We will write a custom essay on The symptoms and treatment for depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Depression starts to become a problem when it starts to get out of proportion. Someone might feel a little depressed after a minor disappointment, this is normal. It is not normal though for someone to have depression that becomes severe in nature or it lasts for an extended period of time. The same is true for someone who has experienced a traumatic experience. For example, a person may become completely broken up with grief after a loved ones death, after all this fall within a range that is considered normal. But if that depression is still incapacitating months or years afterwards, then the depression has probably gotten out of hand and some sort of help is needed. Depression usually consists of symptoms that we need to learn how to recognize. There is after all several types of symptoms that must be looked for. These symptoms are broken down into two separate groups, the psychological symptoms and the physical symptoms. It is important to realize that an individual may not show all of these symptoms at the same time. In fact a person may be sadder than anything else may. Or it may just be a loss if energy that distress you the most. But most people that are suffering from a bad depression will most likely experience most of these symptoms during their depression. There are some people out there that have very few symptoms of depression and they are still feeling very low. And then again there are others who may feel these symptoms and not be suffering from The Symptoms and the Treatment of Depression 3depression at all. That is why it is wise to remember that if a person is suffering from these symptoms, then that person will more then likely need some help. The psychological symptoms consist of (a) sadness the most common and obvious symptom of depression. (b) Loss of Interest This is when a person no longer feels like doing many of the things that he or she usually does. Including their favorite pastimes. (c) Unworthiness Someone may also have feelings that they are not worthy of help or sympathy and may also loose all self-respect. As with psychological symptoms of depression, a person may show physical symptoms. Also the individual may not show all of the traits at the same time. He or she will usually have just a few showing that they are in need of help. Types of physical symptoms to watch out for may include; (a) Loss of Appetite People will often slow down or even quit eating while they are feeling depressed. (b) Loss of sleep It is not uncommon for someone to begin to loose sleep when they are feeling low. (c) Loss of sex drive This can happen to both of men and women while they are feeling depressed. This can also increase that persons feelings of depression. There are other symptoms as well that may also be present such as headaches, backaches, as well as pain in the face and neck. .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .postImageUrl , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:hover , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:visited , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:active { border:0!important; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:active , .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a6bc2f18bc256d9e0523f296c0a1c6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Software And High School EssayNow that we know what depression is and how to identify the symptom that may be shown when someone may be suffering from depression, we can now talk about how to treat depression. We know that life is not always as simple as we would like it to be. The thing to remember is that there are solutions to the problems that they are faced with. The difficult thing to distinguish is which of the solutions are the right ones to take. Most people are confronted with a fight or flight type of action to help themselves. Unfortunately many would rather turn their back to the problem and hope that it just disappears instead of facing the problem head on. O f course, someone may have to walk away from their problems in order to get him or herself back on track. It is entirely possible that someone take a vacation and take time away from everything that could be causing his or her depression. One of the best ways to get help from depression is to get your friends and family involved. These are the people that will always be around for you to talk to and get advice from. After all a friendly ear to open your feelings up to can many times give you a clear signal of what you may need to do in order to get past what is troubling you. There are times though when a person may not want to see anybody, but it is also important that that person not shut themselves off from other people. Depression is a very common ailment, yet there are many people who are reluctant to go to their family doctor for help. They view these people as body mechanics, used only for treating illnesses like coughs, bruises, and cuts. But if you are unable to overcome your depression on your own, your doctor can help out by giving you a clean bill of health. He will run test and perform a physical to at least there is nothing physically wrong with you. At this time he may give what help he can or he may also refer you to a specialist who can help you. When you do go to a doctor, it is good to remember that your doctor can only help those who are willing to help themselves. On these visits to she the doctor you must always remember to not hold anything back. A doctor cannot read your mind either. Remember that he is human as well. You cant tell him your symptoms and expect him to give you something and make everything better. And chances are also that it will take more than one visit to him o r her before they can begin to diagnose your troubles completely. Once you have talked to your doctor and no physical abnormality has been discovered, then can the treatment of your depression begin. There are a lot of things that your doctor can give you in the mean time while he or she is trying to diagnose your depression.An explanation of what and why you are feeling the way you do is a great start. This way everything is clear and out in front of you. Practical advice is also something that he should give you. He is after all, the expert in how to deal with cases such as yours and he can give you advice on how you may cope with your ailments. And one of the single most comforting things that can be given to you is reassurance. This can provide an enormous relief, even in the beginning of treatment and can also help into a faster recovery time with your troubles. .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .postImageUrl , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:hover , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:visited , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:active { border:0!important; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:active , .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26 .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc64810ff3fe1a992687e1292002adc26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paleontology (9th-10th Grade Paper) EssayHolmes, David., S. (1994). Abnormal Psychology (2nd Ed.). New York, NY. Holmes, David., S. (1997). Abnormal Psychology (3rd Ed.). New York, NY. Priest, Robert. (1983). Anxiety and Depression. New York, NY. La Haye, Tim. (1974). How to Win Over Depression. Grand Rapid, Michigan. Papolos, Demitri F., and Papolos, Janice. (1987). Overcoming Depression. New York, NY. Rosenthal, Norman E. (1989). Seasons of the Mind. New York, NY. Myers, Irma, and Myers, Arthur. (1982).Why you feel down and what can you do about it. Charles Scribers Sons/ New York. Rush, John. (1983). Beating Depression. New York, NY. Bugental, James F. T. (1987). The Art of the Psychotherapist. New York, NY. Burns, David D. (1989). The Feeling Good Handbook. New York, NY. Bibliography:REFERENCESHolmes, David., S. (1994). Abnormal Psychology (2nd Ed.). New York, NY. Holmes, David., S. (1997). Abnormal Psychology (3rd Ed.). New York, NY. Priest, Robert. (1983). Anxiety and Depression. New York, NY. La Haye, Tim. (1974). How to Win Over Depression. Grand Rapid, Michigan. Papolos, Demitri F., and Papolos, Janice. (1987). Overcoming Depression. New York, NY. Rosenthal, Norman E. (1989). Seasons of the Mind. New York, NY. Myers, Irma, and Myers, Arthur. (1982).Why you feel down and what can you do about it. Charles Scribers Sons/ New York. Rush, John. (1983). Beating Depression. New York, NY. Bugental, James F. T. (1987). The Art of the Psychotherapist. New York, NY. Burns, David D. (1989). The Feeling Good Handbook. New York, NY.

Incas Essays - Andean Civilizations, Inca Empire, Sapa Inca

Incas Essays - Andean Civilizations, Inca Empire, Sapa Inca Incas INCAS The vast Inca empire, with its advanced culture and powerful armies, spanned most of the Andes along South America's western coast at the time of Spanish conquest in the early 16th century. The Incas had a very clear social structure. The ruler, Sapa Inca, and his wives, the Coyas, had supreme control over the empire. The High Priest and the Army Commander in Chief were next. Then came the Four Apus, the regional army commanders. Next came temple priests, architects, administrators and army generals. Next were artisans, musicians, army captains and the quipucamayoc, the Incan accountants. At the bottom were sorcerers, farmers, herding families and conscripts. WHO THE INCAS WERE The 16th-century written accounts of the Incas do not provide a very complete understanding of the economic and political organization of their state. It is clear, however, that the principles of Inca economics and politics were taken from old Andean traditions and were very different from European ones. The I nca state was not under the absolute control of its ruler. It was an array of dozens, if not hundreds, of different political, ethnic, and even linguistic groups. In order to maintain unity within the empire, an attempt was made to introduce uniform organizational and administrative procedures to the realm. This process, however, was far from complete in 1532, and administrative practices varied greatly from one part of the empire to another. An unusual characteristic of the Inca state was its ability to move people about the empire as colonists far from their homes. This custom of internal colonization allowed the Incas to place loyal groups in regions that were difficult to control. The practice also appears to have had economic aims in some cases; people could be relocated to develop new lands, new mines, or other

Interest rates and exchange rates (the details will be shown in Assignment

Interest rates and exchange rates (the details will be shown in instruction) - Assignment Example This is mainly because of the indifference of the investors. When the interest rate parity is covered, the interest rates and the forward exchange rate between two countries will be in equilibrium. This means that in such equilibrium, each unit return of home currency will be equal to the foreign currency. Thus, the covered interest rate parity states that the forward premium and the interest rate between two countries are equal and there will be no opportunity for arbitrage (Wang, 2009, pp.49-56). (Source: Dollery, University of Hull) The application of covered interest parity is that when it holds true, an investor will be indifferent of investment choice between two countries. For instance, if a French investor has the choice of either to invest or deposit in â‚ ¬ or $ then under CIRP, the investor will get same return irrespective of choice of currency. This is because in equilibrium the future value of investment or deposit will be same for both the currencies (Johann, 2008, p.10). Additionally, there will not be any scope for making profit due to the condition of no-arbitrage in CIRP (Gandolfo, 2002, pp.43-45). The covered interest rate parity is represented by the following equation: (1 + r$) = Ft/St x (1 + râ‚ ¬) Where, Ft = forward exchange rate during time‘t’; & the left hand side of the equation shows that dollar deposits return is equal to euro deposits the returns (Ullrich, 2009, pp.19-22). 2. Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP) – Investment in First Country The interest rate parity assumes that investors are willing to exchange foreign assets with domestic assets and vice-versa when there is opportunity of making profit from transactions. The theory also assumes that the assets are identical and hence perfect substitutes (Clark, 2002, pp.72-75). On the basis of this assumption it can be said that the investors will be willing to hold assets that yields superior returns irrespective of the origin country. This means that any random investor’s choice of investment decision will not be influenced by forward rates since the investor will earn equal returns on either option. This is because of the interest rate parity theory discussed earlier which assumes that there is no opportunity for arbitrage and the returns of domestic assets will be equal to that of foreign asset (Baillie and McMahon, 1990, pp.150-159). When the investor do not use the forward contract to hedge exchange rate fluctuations and the interest rate parity holds true (no opportunity for arbitrage), then the IRP is said to be uncovered (Harvey, 2008, p.90). The significance of uncovered interest rate parity is that it helps to determine the spot exchange rate by using the concept that expected changes in spot rate of two countries is equal to their interest rate differential (Melvin and Norrbin, 2012, p.115-119). a) Expected Exchange Rate Three Months from Birthday For the purpose of the study, the interest rates based on three month treasury bonds and changes in the interest rates were collected on daily basis. The exchange rates were extracted are the daily close price of exchange rates taken on the

Career goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career goals - Essay Example To ensure my goal is achievable, I have an exceptional advantage in business as my father,The most advantaged superiority for me to achieve the career goal is that my father, Mr. Duan Yongji, who is one of the most successful and famous entrepreneurs in China, and is extremely supportive of my business goals and academic pursuits. will support me. MMy father is the As a founder of Stone Group and SINA Corporation , heand currently serves as both of these two companies as Chairmanperson and He is also the President of Zhongguanchun Development, considered the "Silicon Valley" in Beijing. His different business activities include: Throughout my father's twenty-three years in the business field, he has had plenty of experience dealing in both practical and entrepreneurial management skills. His refusal to work within state operated companies in the early 1970s laid the groundwork for starting his own business. He has also experienced By endeavoured in the business field for about 23 years, my father is full of experiences with practical project management skills and entrepreneurship. He was one of the first few of people who refused to work in the state operated companies and switched to ran their own businesses in the beginning of 1970s. He experienced the the whole process of seeing the Chinese economy move from athe closed market to anthe open market, which has only added to his skills in . Those precious experiences makes him sharpen in proper opportunity evaluation as well as the knowledge that isare required to run turn an idea into a sound business opportunity. Those preciousness experiences are also ve ry important for me in the same time. As you know, my country's economy has been growing as the worlds fastest for almost two decades; the marketing is also changing fast. Then to make a reliable perspective proposal before start seems more and more important than ever before. Through utilizing my father's advice on business decisions along with my education, I feel that My advantage is that I can get so many important information and valuable advices from discussing my proposal with my father andI can make a dependable plan for my future steps which is so important for a start-up company. And I could also share my father's

A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT FOR EMAP PLC( A MEDIA COMPANY) Essay

A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT FOR EMAP PLC( A MEDIA COMPANY) - Essay Example Financial ratio analysis is a very essential tool in assessing the financial health of a business entity. Specifically, it enables a financial analyst to spot trends in a business and to compare it with the performance of similar business enterprises within the same industry. Financial ratios are grouped into three categories, each showing a different aspect of a company’s financial operations. These are profitability ratios, financial leverage ratios and liquidity/solvency ratios. Profitability ratios measure the ability of the company to generate income from its investments less the costs incurred. The gross profit margin ratio tells us the profit a business makes on its cost of sales, or cost of goods sold. It tells us how much gross profit per peso of turnover our business is earning. Gross profit is the profit we earn before we take off any administration costs, selling costs and so on. The computed operating profit margin, which is the ratio of operating income to sales measures as a percentage of sales, the excess revenue from sales over cost of normal operation excluding financing. Net profit margin, on the other hand, is the ratio of net income to sales. Unlike the operating profit margin, it takes into account the secondary or incidental gains aside from the company’s main business operation and all the costs incurred including financing. Return on assets and return on equity are variants of return on investment, which are more significant rat ios than the margins. While return on assets measures the rate of return on the total investments of the company, the return on equity assesses the rate of return on the investments of common stockholders in the company (Analyzing Company Reports 2005). Logically, higher profitability ratios indicate a healthier financial condition. It can be seen that at the end of March 2005 the company does not perform well in terms of profitability. Gross profit margin is

The Role Of Chief Executive Officer Commerce Essay

The Role Of Chief Executive Officer Commerce Essay I have to make operational and strategic planning where I have to follow certain strategic framework. I have three important operations to perform those are functional improvement, functional excellence, and functional innovation these are the functional strategies of CEO. Strategy is important to be followed in the organization for the systematic and accurate achievement of the companys objective, so I will follow the following strategies. FUNCTIONAL IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY Delivers functional competence- in a solitarily practical area, the administration of the operations in process is attended by the CEO of the company who develops the operations through balancing the build-to-order in a make-to-stock milieu so that the requirements of the customers can be met on time decreasing the lead-time and prolonging the production. Customer service and (Brickley, J. A, 2003,pp.227-233) satisfaction and the prosperity of the business are essential to be balanced. It is very important for me to have operational improvement because VISION of my company is we want the process to be quick, hassle-free and cost-effective. We know youll be more impressed by an advertising campaign that gets your products flying out the door. Our success is based on our ability to design innovative campaigns (Engel, E., R. M, 2003,pp. 197-226) that help our clients stand out in a crowded marketplace. We also aim to keep in mind the fundamental values a company holds. This is the most important functional strategy because there is need to make improvement wherever the need is required in the areas of weakness of the company that is the most effective and efficient method of performance improvement for the company. FUNCTIONAL EXCELLENCE Delivers business competitiveness-in order to accomplish the best presentation, the interior (Engel, E., R. M,2003,pp. 197-226) procedures of the company are to be renovated with the brilliance in the operations. The best in rank is described by the outside information. The company decides the foundation of competition and then the crack between the competition and the actual performance is assessed and precedence is allocated. A harmonized course of modification, coordination and presentation development is required (Brickley, J. A, 2003,pp.227-233) to fill up the crack through many functions. In the operational approach, its brilliance and intensity is the core constituent. I have to have a consistent look on the excellence on the operation of the company, it is very challenging job for me because all board members will be involved in knowing the operational excellence achievement of the Brainz Inc. Functional excellence in what all methods can be achieved can be easily know through distinctive functions of the organization, that is again the biggest challenge for me because our focus is more on ignition of brands. FUNCTIONAL INNOVATION Delivers each and every new (Engel, E., R. M, 2003,pp. 197-226) company on a bare page creates a commanding, game-changing operational mode-an equipped representation. The company employs a differential model or the standard one. There are three causes for the new ventures to open. The effect of each cause is different on the creativity of operational models. Commodity technology product or commodity service basis: in this the Brainz Inc. is most likely to employ the standard operational model, since the cost the proposal of gain over cost is there (Sapienza, H. J, 1994,pp.1618-163) New technology: in this the excellence in the technology is the proposed assessment; therefore the Brainz Inc. will make sure that the employment of the prevailing standard operational model. Competitive operational model: in this the Brainz Inc. usually will undertake the newly created (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) innovative operational model on which the model is based on the profit attainability and achieving of Brainz Inc. objective, since the proposed value is the customer service as well as the cost advantage. On the other hand the already recognized Brainz Inc. Company will enjoy two choices-of immediate reaction. They can either continue with the already employed operational model or (Sapienza, H. J, 1994,pp.1618-163) if necessary they can create even better operating model to face the threat of new entrants in the market. From the above discussion it can be made clear that how does the operation of the work is important and how easily it can be achieved from the organization by the CEO. KEY PERFORMING INDICATORS (KPIs) Adnan Alsilami, I have been appointed as the CEO of Brainz Inc., whose mission statement is to Igniting brands (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) in ways that generate impact and excitement. I have to perform certain KEY PERFORMING INDICATORS (KPIs) roles to archive companys objective and goal. FINANCIAL: It is not for any surprise that I have to make a strong focus on the financial results, whereby insuring all KPIs are achieved effectively and efficiently, where I have to focus more on Net Incomes of the Brainz Inc. where few return on investment will be used. I have to make lots of emphasis on cash management and cost control that is the prime functioning of CEO. MARKETING: I have to make strong recommendations on marketing and PR targets (where brand awareness of our company, targets those are favored, stakeholders interest in the company needs to be developed). I will watch sales number; whenever there is a change in the revenue (Healy, P. M., 1987,pp. 7-34) it is important to have immediate warning in the organization in order to control risk factors. LEADERSHIP: It is important for me to enhance leadership skills and capabilities in the employees of organization so (Healy, P. M., 1987,pp. 7-34) that leadership related issues are solved the command I given to a immediate lower position of CEO, It is very important for me to spend my maximum time in solving these issues. Provide relevant and accurate information The entire discussion in board highly depends on the information provided by CEO. It is important to have (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) quality and quantity information that has to be delivered to the board so that no relevant as well as accurate information is circulated. The biggest challenge for me will be to provide right information to Abhijit Barthakur (CIO), Jagdish Patil (CTO), Abdul Ahmed E Yakub (CNO), Nafiu Abdulrahman (CKO), Auwal Mohammad (COO) who are the board members of Brainz Inc Company. STRATEGIC PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING The operational along with strategic planning decisions that I will make are entirely based on the assumption; it is again a challenge for me because assumptions made from the past are not (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) accurate as compared with the future happening. It is very easy to loose credibility with the board while making unrealistic decisions, its important to have focus on decisions. BUDGET AND COST DISTRIBUTION DECISIONS With the board members important and most essential characteristic of mine is to make decisions about the budget which means allocation of cost in different department where CKO, CFO, COO, CTO, CNO will actively participate while laying their strategic (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) plans for achieving goals of the company as We plan to build strong brand profiles through innovative and ground breaking ideas. By creating buzz and affinity, we are going to infuse traits of innovation and energy into it PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Once the plans are laid an implemented, the most important part is to make performance analysis (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) of every department of the Brainz Inc. So that wherever there is any inefficiency it can be solved and the departments those are maximizing the profits. Above mentioned are the KPIs of mine, which I need to take care so that goals and objectives are achieved. REFRENCES Brickley, J. A, Empirical research on CEO turnover and firm-performance: A discussion. Journal of Accounting and Economics (December), 2003,pp.227-233 Bushman, R. M., R. J. Indjejikian and A. Smith, CEO compensation: The role of individual performance evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Economics (April), 1996,pp. 161-193 Engel, E., R. M. Hayes and X. Wang, CEO turnover and properties of accounting information. Journal of Accounting and Economics (December), 2003,pp. 197-226 Healy, P. M., S. Kang and K. G. Palepu, The effect of accounting procedure changes on CEOs cash salary and bonus compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics (April), 1987,pp. 7-34 Murphy, K. J. and J. L. Zimmerman, Financial performance surrounding CEO turnover. Journal of Accounting and Economics (January-July), 1993,pp.273-315 Sapienza, H. J. and A. K. Gupta, Impact of agency risks and task uncertainty on venture capitalist-CEO interaction. The Academy of Management Journal 37(6), 1994,pp.1618-163

The United States Should Convert to IFRS Essay example -- IFRS Account

The changes in IFRS will affect some slight modifications to significant amendments of principles. It can affect different areas of financial statements and information. For example, extensive disclosure requirements, financial statements and how specific elements will be recognize and measured. Those elements are financial instrument and employee benefit (IFRS, 2012). I think that it would be beneficial for United States to switch to IFRS, but I think that SEC should not vote to switching to IFRS after companies spend millions of dollars on converting from GAAP (Maryland). The European Union has already switched to IRFSs. It happened the same year when United States companies had deadline to switch over (Johnson). There are at least three reasons why the United States should switch to IFRS. The reasons are: international financial reporting standards. They will make easier for company to compare, understand and it will help stay up-to-date to multinational businesses (Johnson). Switching to IFRS will help not just companies but also investors and public globally to compare financial statements. If every country has different financial standards, if would be problematic to compare how each company stands because they are not the same. The United States is the only country who does not use the metric system (meters, kilometers, litters); instead they use the customary system (inches, feet). For example, if you will have to drive in another country you will not understand how far another grocery store because the sign tells you in meters not in miles. Also, if United States will switch over to IFRS from GAAP, it will allow US to become a part of the global economy. Another reason for United States to switch to IFRS th... ...l language is also beneficial for comparison of statement, understanding, and saving cost for international companies. Works Cited Albrecht, D. (October, 2011). American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. (November, 2013). International FinancialReporting Standards. Durham, NC: AICPA. Gill L. (June, 2012) IFRS: Coming to America Whitehouse T. (December, 2013). Foundation Says IFRS Becomes Global Preference. IFRS Changes Impacting the Banking Industry (August, 2012). Pricewaterhouse C. (November, 2012). Benefits of Changing to IFRS. The Maryland Association of CPAs. (November, 2013). SEC offers roadmap to global accounting standards. Horsfall N. (December, 2013). FRS Urges More Firms to Adopt IFRS. Durham. (November, 2008.)American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. International Financial Reporting Standards.

Leadership and Management

ILM Level 3 Award in Leadership and Management: |Centre Number: |R31609 | |Centre Name: |Leeds Metropolitan Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) Centre | |Student Name: |Alexandra Hunt | |Leeds Met Student ID: |33251825 | |Student Date of Birth: |15/01/1991 | |Student Email Address: |a. [email  protected] leedsmet. ac. uk | |Gender: |Female | |Assessment Summary | | | |This task requires you to develop and demonstrate your skills or potential skills in leading and building an effective team.In order to gain the ILM 3 | |Award in Leadership and Management you will need to complete and pass a number of questions in this short question test. | | | |Note: To complete the task you will need to draw upon your personal experiences in, for example; a part-time job, voluntary work, other groups (e. g. sports| |teams), and leadership you have observed, are familiar with or have read about. |Understanding Leadership Styles | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the factors that will infl uence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations | |Question 1: |Describe 2 factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations (approximately 100 | | |words) | |If the person is in a situation where a decision needs to be made fast for example a paramedic may use an autocratic leadership style due to being in an | |emergency and needing to work objectively and quickly. | |During my 12 months placement I was working as recruitment consultant, a paternalistic leadership style on reflection was what I used when speaking to | |potential candidates, as it involved me using a lot of enthusiasm and persuasion. I need to use perceptive skills in order to pick up how the candidate was| |reacting and if it was a warm lead or a dead cold call. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or negative effect on individual and group behaviour | |Question 2: |Following on from the previous question, please explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or | | |negative effect on individual or group behaviour (approximately 100 words) | |A con of using autocratic leadership style would mean that you may miss good ideas, and does not encourage team work, so often taking on a heavier work | |load yourself as you put the team in a position where they are needing constant supervision and approval from the autocratic leader. |A con of paternalistic leadership is that the selling only lasts as long as you are on the phone or are around for, and some candidates/people are not easy| |selling targets, you also may waste your time persuading them without gaining any commitment – which came across me time and time again when working as a | |recruitment consultant. | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own leadership behaviours and potential in the context of a particular leadership model, using feedback from others | |Question 3: |Assess your own leadership behaviours and potential in relation to a leadership model discussed on the programme.Your reflection | | |should be based on what previous team members have fed back to you (approximately 100 words) | |At university currently we are participating in a module called consultancy project, whereby as group we have to write a report, research and offer | |recommendations to a real life client. Over the 4 months we have had 2 peers assessments and my feedback fits into the empowering leadership style, I have | |gained 100% commitment from the client and my team, I have motivated all my team members giving them guidance and reassurance when writing the report and | |they do trust my decisions that I have made. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe appropriate actions to enhance own leadership behaviour in the context of the particular leadership model | |Question 4: |Describe at least 2 appropriate actions to enhance your own leadersh ip behaviour in the context of a leadership model discussed on | | |the programme (approximately 100 words) | |To enhance my leadership skills I think I firstly need to take a more asking approach instead of getting so stressed myself without even consulting the | |other group members. Sometimes I tend to take it all upon myself without building the rest of the teams effort. | |Sometimes also using an autocratic style might be worth it, due to recently working with a team member who does not seem to put as much effort in as the | |others, to improve the group and work on my leadership styles he may respond to getting things done and meet objectives if I set them for him, this is | |something I will take with me and use to improve my group work with. | | | | | | | | |Understanding the Communication Process in the Workplace | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace | |Question 1: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |If communication in the workplace is bad it can have several effects such as decreased productivity, low morale and mistakes made. Communication is the key| |to running a successful business or project, it dismisses the pportunity for any important project to jeopardised (Allen Webster) | |High Productivity: the goal of any business, poor communication causes a breakdown in productivity resulting in profit loss or time loss. | |Morale: Not understanding a task causes low morale, as it makes employees feel confused and question wether they can contribute to the job role or not | |which leads to low self esteem. Tasks must be received in a clear concise manner focusing on the manager or the leaders communicative skills when | |surpassing important information. | |Mistakes: Written communication is essential and when writing emails which are now such a frequent task, you must be careful in choice of wording to ensure| |the email is not mi sunderstood or it can lead to unnecessary mistakes in the workplace. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle | |Question 2: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle (approximately 100 words) | |The basic flow of communication: | |Sender –> Message –> Transmission –> Recipient –> Receiver | | | | | |In this flow the sender sends a message to the receiver and then they can share feedback on the communication process. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify possible barriers to communication in the workplace | |Question 3: |Describe two possible barriers to communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |Environmental Barriers: The things that surround us, which prevent us from receiving the speaker’s message for example, other peoples conversation, time | |pressures, the weather, physical discomfort in the room you are sat in. – External barriers. | |Environmental barriers are related to the listener such as how the listener is feeling at the time. |Attitudinal Barriers: The thoughts and feelings going on inside our heads which prevent us from listening, for example boredom, you do not like the person | |who is speaking, – internal barriers. | |Attitudinal Barriers have a lot to do with the mood and beliefs of the listener. | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication | |Question 4: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication (approximately 100 words) | |Effective communication requires listening and strong concentration.So it is important when receiving information, to ensure that the conditions are | |conducive to listening. ILM 3 has taught me that when important conversations are taking place and you are not in the right frame of mind due to | |attitudinal barriers be prepared to take them offline. You can also use the 6 steps to hearing attention, to improve your communication when needed m ost. | |For example an improved step I should take is be aware when it is getting to deep for me, and I tend to switch off when it gets to complicated or complex. | |This is something I need to work on to improve my communication skill set and follow through on challenging tasks that I need to complete. | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses | |Question 5: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses (approximately 100 words) | |Written Communication: This should be used when needing to provide detailed information, such as figures and facts. Written communication is useful during | |briefs, it is useful when conducting a presentation to send extra written information out, the main use is when needing to refer back to it throughout a | |project or at a later date you can do, without having to ask the same questions again or repeat yourself. | |Or al Communication: This can be used during presentations, over the phone and is main form off communication. It is verbal, vocal and visual. You can | |convey the information you want to surpass on with passion and conviction and can be sure to get your message across clearly without any errors by using | |the tones in your voice. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication | |Question 6: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Can store and be used at a later date. | |Easy to provide detailed information such as facts and figures | |Easy to pass on information from a third party. | | | |Disadvantages: Do not know if the information as been received unless a reply is needed. | |Writing skills are often difficult develop | |Poorly written documents can cost money. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication | |Question 7: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Easy and quick | |Can communicate your point without much room for misunderstanding. |Can be given constructive feedback after a presentation from managers or vies versa | | | |Disadvantages: Need effective listening to be active and cannot always predict | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication | |Question 8: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |A mixed message can occur when a persons body maybe ‘talking’, and when people do speak their bodies sometimes can say different things. For example eye | |contact is sign of confidence which much be used when attending interviews. | |At times a persons body maybe talking wh en they are actually sitting in silence. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication | |Question 9: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication (approximately 100 words) | |Constructive feedback is a positive way to improve somebodies skill set. When feedback is communicated effectively it can keep some goal orientated. When | |feeding back you must focus on specific behaviours rather than making general statements however still aiming to keep it impersonal. Always ask questions | |to ensure the person understands the feedback and make sure they do not feel like that have been attacked in a negative way. The value of constructive | |feedback is the key to improvement. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own performance in a frequently used method of communication. Outline actions to improve own performance in communicating | |Question 10: |Assess your own performance (identifying your strengths and weaknes ses) in one frequently used method of communication. Possible | | |methods include; verbal communication, e-mail, telephone etc. Then state two ways in which you could improve your performance as a | | |communicator when using this method. |Written Communication | | | |Strengths – I have managed to establish relationships over email a varied amount of time throughout my 12 month placement, and I have managed to keep a | |professional working relationships with these people, via Linked In, and I feel confident that if I needed there support I would be able to rely upon them | |for advice and support even 12 months later. This shows I have conveyed my personality through email and have managed to be personable and approachable | |through my writing skills. | | |Weaknesses | |My spelling and grammatical errors I something I need to be aware off, I tend to rush many emails, and this cannot look when speaking to a professional | |body as it undermines the content of my email. | |Due to emailing tutors and friends from all over the world, I need to make sure I distinguish the difference between a friendly more informal email to a | |formal email, for example ending an email with Kind Regards and Many thanks, can change the way you want your whole email to come across. So being specific| |with my language is key. | |I have learnt during the ILM course to use the P. O. W. E.R | |Understand How to Establish an Effective Team | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team | |Question 1: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team (approximately 100 words) | |Bellman and Ryan define an extraordinary group as on which: | |‘Achieves outstanding results while members experience a profound shift in how they see their world’. | |Extraordinary groups are not only productive as employees, but also develop personally during there p articipation. |Authors suggest that effective team work can exhibit these common factors, | |Full engagement, shared leadership, embracing differences etc | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work | |Question 2: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work (approximately 100 words) | |During team work you spend many hours in creative and energised environment – you get to know each others strengths and weaknesses and become a small | |support network for each other. This enables the employees to form connections which go deeper than usual work relationships. Through my own experience of | |working in a team this year, it has evolved into a long term friendship on a personal level outside of the group work at university. |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working | |Question 3: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working (ap proximately 100 words) | |Strong communication during team work can ensure that the team know and understand your visions and goals, and how you see the project going. This can make| |it easier when needing to combine an overall aim and setting various objectives. It means that you can achieve something together with no confusion and a | |mutual agreement. |Communication and personable behaviour can lead to strong support networks around, and creating a more confident and friendly environment to work in. | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the differences between a group and a team | |Question 4: |Explain the differences between a group and a team (approximately 100 words) | |A team is internally organised, with specific goals and usually specific roles for different members of the team. A group is a collection of people with | |something in common something as simple as being in the same place or having a shared interest. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages of an esta blished model of group formation | |Question 5: |Describe the stages of Tuckman’s model of group formation (approximately 100 words) | |Tuckman believes that all teams pass through four stages of development, gradually becoming more effective as the dynamics of the team change dramatically | |from periods of inefficiency and uneasiness through to a high period of performance. | |The four stages are as follows. |Forming: Uncertainty about roles, looking outside for guidance. | |Storming: Growing confidence in team, rejecting outside authority | |Norming: Concern about being different, wanting to be part of a team | |Performing: Concern with getting the job done | | | |He believes that a team will not be fully effective unless it reaches he stage of performing. Unless the four stage process is completed teams may | |degenerate too back into storming. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined i n an established team role model | |Question 6: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined in an established team role model, such as | | |Belbin’s model (approximately 100 words) | |If a manager can determine what roles are preferred by each team member they are able to have a strong insight into what is going on and who to go to for | |certain questions. For example if somebody is strong and enjoy financial analysis it makes it easier for the manager to delegate this to the team rather | |them than having to form together and get to know each other before assigning each other roles. Also if something goes the wrong the manager knows who to | |go to. | | |Belbin believes that new team members should be selected so that there is a balance both in terms of skill sets and team roles – if the manager knows what | |is missing he will be able to make an outside confirmed choice of what is needed in the team. | |Also ea ch role has its weaknesses. Knowing these weaknesses is useful for planning to avoid potential difficulties and for helping individuals develop – I | |personally feel this is the managers role. | | | | | Leadership and management Leadership has been the subject for quite some time now. Management experts have shown how leadership is important for organisations and how leaders emerge. There has been a debate on whether leaders are born or are trained to take on leadership roles. It has also been argued whether leaders are charismatic individuals or those who are highly skilled. Gibbons 1992 discusses how organisational roles shape the nature of leadership. Those in entrepreneurial positions are leaders who are risk takers; where as those who are in the supervisory roles tend to be those who conform to rules. George 1992 however takes the view that personality shapes leadership more than other traits. Leaders have been known to be persuasive, committed and visionary people and examples like Napoleon, Lincoln and Gandhi are often chosen to show how personality matters in Leadership roles. Management on the other hand is the ability to reach defined objectives using resources available. Managerial roles have not been seen as charismatic roles, they are more often than not logistical roles that skilled people occupy to be able to take the organisation toward its defined goals. Alvesson and Sveningsson 2003 examine the role of managers in providing leadership. In the modern context, managers are often asked to bear the responsibility of providing leadership in organisations. Today’s corporate manager is seen as a strategist and not someone who necessarily has all the traditional traits of being a leader. Management and Leadership: Similarities Management today is responsible for all the original roles that leadership played. Ohmae 1999 explains how today’s globalized world places different demands on those in power and occupying strategic roles in organisations. Management is responsible for hiring, training and nurturing talent by way of organising and supporting human resources. The manager is also someone who defines company policy in the context of laws and regulations that exist. Also managers are responsible for a long-term business plan that ensures the organisation keeps growing. In modern firms where a large number of employees work together across the globe, the dividing line between managers and leaders gets blurred and modern technology helps all managers communicate as effectively as leaders would have. Therefore today, the gap between leaderships and management is closing because of these growing similarities. Management and Leadership: Differences However there continue to be differences. Leadership is often a position that is acquired through informal developments that give certain people power. Management gives responsibility and authority. Leadership is what defines the long-term mission of organisations while management ensures that these goals are reached most effectively. Management requires specific skills and tools while leadership requires a set of traits that enable the leader lead from the front and do so in a manner that appeals to the entire team. Management is responsible for team building while leadership ensures that the team stays motivated and passionate about its tasks. Management is responsible largely to the shareholders while leaders must take into consideration all stakeholders. In today’s world where firms face pressure from voters, civil society organisations, the media and consumers, it is critical that top management take on a role where they act as spokespersons and ensure that such pressures do not act detrimentally to the interests of the firm. Leadership is often seen as a trait that is a function of the specific time and place and leaders bring special traits that enable them to operate successfully in the given context. Management however is a science that allows managers to operate efficiently anytime and in the globalized context, at any place where they apply the principles of management to generate efficiency. Leaders necessarily need to be good communicators, writers and speakers. Managers need to be clear in what they articulate not necessarily spectacular. Leaders inspire where as managers report. However any growing organisation today requires both leaders and managers. Those firms where managers take the leadership role find the going easier than others. But there are clear roles that both occupy. For firms to grow, in different markets and ensure that growth is sustainable, there is an active involvement from both managers and leaders in defining and implementing strategy. It is firms that are able to generate leaders and nurture managers who would perform well in the marketplace. Reference: Alvesson M and Sveningsson S, 2003, Managers Doing Leadership: The Extra-Ordinarization of the Mundane, Human Relations Gibbons P T, 1992, Impacts of Organizational Evolution on Leadership Roles and Behaviors, Human Relations J. M. George J M, 1992, The Role of Personality in Organizational Life: Issues and Evidence, Journal of Management Ohmae, K. 1999. ‘The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy’. New York: Harper Business. Leadership and Management There are several subtle differences between the concepts of leadership and management. The functions and actions of each title differ in their foundation, expectation and execution. Those positions which exist under each title also differ – in their expectations, and motivations.   It is my goal, through achieving an MBA to develop a cohesion between these two roles in my work, and career endeavors. Leadership is less like a role, than it is an occasional action. (McCrimmon) It is the intention of a leader to inspire his or her followers to achieve their common goals. The focus of a leader is on the entirety of a project or goal. The followers, under the guides of leadership, assume the responsibility of carrying out the necessary actions required to achieve whatever goal is at hand. (CM) Management, on the other hand, handles the delegation of authority differently. Managers are concerned with all levels in the chain of command. Unlike the leaders, managers have subordinates – which, differing from followers, have much less personal inspiration for the work at hand. Managers have to overcome their subordinates’ personal desires with incentives. â€Å"Management requires efficiency, profitability, and depends on minimal inputs for maximum returns†. (McCrimmon) These two roles share a base theory – achieve a goal through the delegation of authority. It is in the manner and execution of this, in which they differ. The effectiveness of each has been proven, and while certain situations lend themselves to a particular set of expectations, both roles can achieve most any goal. Team work, in the American culture, derives from a centralized leader, and his or her subordinates. In the business setting, this would be the group manager. A properly organized team will consist of members which are chosen for their ability to execute certain aspects of a goal with efficiency. While it can be possible for a single person to be good a multiple tasks, if the situation allows, each person would be serve the group with only one responsibility. Conflict within the group setting can offer incentive to work harder, or, reciprocally, create tension. There are two main types of conflicts: affective and substantive. (Jehn 532) Substantive conflict arises through the competition of a task assigned to the group – and often works out through group communication. Affective conflict is far more disruptive. Affective conflict arises through differences in the members of the group – be it ethnic, cultural or other difference – and can stall group production completely. It is the responsibility of leaders and managers to address and – if possible – end conflict within a group. Without the cooperation within a group, it cannot complete the tasks at hand. Therefore, effective leadership and management must be able to identify and remove the sources of conflict. Through my experience as a manager and team leader in various situations including job responsibilities, and other school functions, and responsibilities in a group (i.e. organizational meetings in which I was a leader) I had to prove myself to others that I was up for the task of being a leader.   In order to manage effectively a certain amount of conflict resolution must be incorporated into any situation. I found that the conflict resolution texts that I have read in the past (centering around Gandhi and other peaceful leaders) gave me a certain edge of understanding when it came to difficult situations.   One particular incident in which I had to utilize my conflict resolution, and leadership skills was when I was working at my first job. Although I did not hold the title of manager yet, I was a well liked fellow employ at the local video shop.   Our goal was complete and total customer satisfaction:   the policy being that the customer is typically always right and that the employee must cater to the customer’s needs.   one day, I was just clocking in for my shift.   I went to the back of the store to ask the manager what station she wanted me on that day. She said to go ahead and go up front and handle customers since she was doing inventory in the back.   I went to the front of the store where a customer was already waiting impatiently for me.   He gave me his movies to rent and I asked for his membership card.   When his account came on my screen I informed him that he owed late fees amounting to over twenty dollars.   He was irate.   He said that he did not owe any late fees, because he turned those movies in on time.   The computer held testament that he was in fact late.   The tirade continued with a slew of swearing and the customer was obviously very upset about this. I knew that in situations like this it is much easier to react harshly, and yell back at the customer because he was definitely out of line with what he was calling me, and the emotions he was displaying.   However, I had to keep my job, and keep my head in this situation.   I took a moment in myself and realized that to react with the same negativity would only incite danger, and that this person was probably upset about something else in their life and was only letting it out on me because I was easy and he didn’t have to pay the consequences of his actions with me. With the utmost strength I had in self-control, and leadership, I asked the man kindly if he would like to take advantage of our promotion which was if a person donated canned goods then they only had to pay half of their late fees.   The man physically took a step back:  Ã‚   he did not expect this reaction I could tell.   I further informed him that if he wanted to leave and come back for the movies he wanted to rent, while getting canned goods I could hold the movies for him until his return. He took me up on the offer and came back with several cans of green beans, and cream corn, rented his movies, and even stuttered over his thank you when he left.   I feel that in this situation I took a leadership role in taking charge of the direction of the conversation and reflecting a cool demeanor without upsetting the customer.   This type of reaction was the necessary course in a business setting.   With an MBA degree I feel that I could enhance my leadership qualities and become a creative, manager utilizing conflict resolution. WORK CITED Jehn, Karen A. â€Å"A Qualitative Analysis of Conflict Types and Dimensions in Organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Groups†. Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 42, No. 3. September 1997. p. 530-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   557. McCrimmon, Mitch. â€Å"Leaders or Managers†. Leadersdirect.com. Self Renewal Group. 2006.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Date of Access: June 29, 2007. URL:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.leadersdirect.com/mgevslead.html â€Å"Leadership vs. Management†. Changingminds.org. 2006. Date of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Access: July 22, 2006. URL: Leadership and Management ILM Level 3 Award in Leadership and Management: |Centre Number: |R31609 | |Centre Name: |Leeds Metropolitan Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) Centre | |Student Name: |Alexandra Hunt | |Leeds Met Student ID: |33251825 | |Student Date of Birth: |15/01/1991 | |Student Email Address: |a. [email  protected] leedsmet. ac. uk | |Gender: |Female | |Assessment Summary | | | |This task requires you to develop and demonstrate your skills or potential skills in leading and building an effective team.In order to gain the ILM 3 | |Award in Leadership and Management you will need to complete and pass a number of questions in this short question test. | | | |Note: To complete the task you will need to draw upon your personal experiences in, for example; a part-time job, voluntary work, other groups (e. g. sports| |teams), and leadership you have observed, are familiar with or have read about. |Understanding Leadership Styles | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the factors that will infl uence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations | |Question 1: |Describe 2 factors that will influence the choice of leadership styles or behaviours in workplace situations (approximately 100 | | |words) | |If the person is in a situation where a decision needs to be made fast for example a paramedic may use an autocratic leadership style due to being in an | |emergency and needing to work objectively and quickly. | |During my 12 months placement I was working as recruitment consultant, a paternalistic leadership style on reflection was what I used when speaking to | |potential candidates, as it involved me using a lot of enthusiasm and persuasion. I need to use perceptive skills in order to pick up how the candidate was| |reacting and if it was a warm lead or a dead cold call. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or negative effect on individual and group behaviour | |Question 2: |Following on from the previous question, please explain why these leadership styles or behaviours are likely to have a positive or | | |negative effect on individual or group behaviour (approximately 100 words) | |A con of using autocratic leadership style would mean that you may miss good ideas, and does not encourage team work, so often taking on a heavier work | |load yourself as you put the team in a position where they are needing constant supervision and approval from the autocratic leader. |A con of paternalistic leadership is that the selling only lasts as long as you are on the phone or are around for, and some candidates/people are not easy| |selling targets, you also may waste your time persuading them without gaining any commitment – which came across me time and time again when working as a | |recruitment consultant. | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own leadership behaviours and potential in the context of a particular leadership model, using feedback from others | |Question 3: |Assess your own leadership behaviours and potential in relation to a leadership model discussed on the programme.Your reflection | | |should be based on what previous team members have fed back to you (approximately 100 words) | |At university currently we are participating in a module called consultancy project, whereby as group we have to write a report, research and offer | |recommendations to a real life client. Over the 4 months we have had 2 peers assessments and my feedback fits into the empowering leadership style, I have | |gained 100% commitment from the client and my team, I have motivated all my team members giving them guidance and reassurance when writing the report and | |they do trust my decisions that I have made. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe appropriate actions to enhance own leadership behaviour in the context of the particular leadership model | |Question 4: |Describe at least 2 appropriate actions to enhance your own leadersh ip behaviour in the context of a leadership model discussed on | | |the programme (approximately 100 words) | |To enhance my leadership skills I think I firstly need to take a more asking approach instead of getting so stressed myself without even consulting the | |other group members. Sometimes I tend to take it all upon myself without building the rest of the teams effort. | |Sometimes also using an autocratic style might be worth it, due to recently working with a team member who does not seem to put as much effort in as the | |others, to improve the group and work on my leadership styles he may respond to getting things done and meet objectives if I set them for him, this is | |something I will take with me and use to improve my group work with. | | | | | | | | |Understanding the Communication Process in the Workplace | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace | |Question 1: |Explain the importance of effective communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |If communication in the workplace is bad it can have several effects such as decreased productivity, low morale and mistakes made. Communication is the key| |to running a successful business or project, it dismisses the pportunity for any important project to jeopardised (Allen Webster) | |High Productivity: the goal of any business, poor communication causes a breakdown in productivity resulting in profit loss or time loss. | |Morale: Not understanding a task causes low morale, as it makes employees feel confused and question wether they can contribute to the job role or not | |which leads to low self esteem. Tasks must be received in a clear concise manner focusing on the manager or the leaders communicative skills when | |surpassing important information. | |Mistakes: Written communication is essential and when writing emails which are now such a frequent task, you must be careful in choice of wording to ensure| |the email is not mi sunderstood or it can lead to unnecessary mistakes in the workplace. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle | |Question 2: |Describe the stages in the communication cycle (approximately 100 words) | |The basic flow of communication: | |Sender –> Message –> Transmission –> Recipient –> Receiver | | | | | |In this flow the sender sends a message to the receiver and then they can share feedback on the communication process. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify possible barriers to communication in the workplace | |Question 3: |Describe two possible barriers to communication in the workplace (approximately 100 words) | |Environmental Barriers: The things that surround us, which prevent us from receiving the speaker’s message for example, other peoples conversation, time | |pressures, the weather, physical discomfort in the room you are sat in. – External barriers. | |Environmental barriers are related to the listener such as how the listener is feeling at the time. |Attitudinal Barriers: The thoughts and feelings going on inside our heads which prevent us from listening, for example boredom, you do not like the person | |who is speaking, – internal barriers. | |Attitudinal Barriers have a lot to do with the mood and beliefs of the listener. | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication | |Question 4: |Explain how to overcome a potential barrier to communication (approximately 100 words) | |Effective communication requires listening and strong concentration.So it is important when receiving information, to ensure that the conditions are | |conducive to listening. ILM 3 has taught me that when important conversations are taking place and you are not in the right frame of mind due to | |attitudinal barriers be prepared to take them offline. You can also use the 6 steps to hearing attention, to improve your communication when needed m ost. | |For example an improved step I should take is be aware when it is getting to deep for me, and I tend to switch off when it gets to complicated or complex. | |This is something I need to work on to improve my communication skill set and follow through on challenging tasks that I need to complete. | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses | |Question 5: |Describe the main methods of written and oral communication in the workplace and their uses (approximately 100 words) | |Written Communication: This should be used when needing to provide detailed information, such as figures and facts. Written communication is useful during | |briefs, it is useful when conducting a presentation to send extra written information out, the main use is when needing to refer back to it throughout a | |project or at a later date you can do, without having to ask the same questions again or repeat yourself. | |Or al Communication: This can be used during presentations, over the phone and is main form off communication. It is verbal, vocal and visual. You can | |convey the information you want to surpass on with passion and conviction and can be sure to get your message across clearly without any errors by using | |the tones in your voice. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication | |Question 6: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of written methods of communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Can store and be used at a later date. | |Easy to provide detailed information such as facts and figures | |Easy to pass on information from a third party. | | | |Disadvantages: Do not know if the information as been received unless a reply is needed. | |Writing skills are often difficult develop | |Poorly written documents can cost money. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication | |Question 7: |Identify the main advantages and disadvantages of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |Advantages: Easy and quick | |Can communicate your point without much room for misunderstanding. |Can be given constructive feedback after a presentation from managers or vies versa | | | |Disadvantages: Need effective listening to be active and cannot always predict | | | | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication | |Question 8: |Explain how non-verbal communication can influence the effectiveness of oral communication (approximately 100 words) | |A mixed message can occur when a persons body maybe ‘talking’, and when people do speak their bodies sometimes can say different things. For example eye | |contact is sign of confidence which much be used when attending interviews. | |At times a persons body maybe talking wh en they are actually sitting in silence. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication | |Question 9: |Explain the value of feedback in ensuring effective communication (approximately 100 words) | |Constructive feedback is a positive way to improve somebodies skill set. When feedback is communicated effectively it can keep some goal orientated. When | |feeding back you must focus on specific behaviours rather than making general statements however still aiming to keep it impersonal. Always ask questions | |to ensure the person understands the feedback and make sure they do not feel like that have been attacked in a negative way. The value of constructive | |feedback is the key to improvement. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Assess own performance in a frequently used method of communication. Outline actions to improve own performance in communicating | |Question 10: |Assess your own performance (identifying your strengths and weaknes ses) in one frequently used method of communication. Possible | | |methods include; verbal communication, e-mail, telephone etc. Then state two ways in which you could improve your performance as a | | |communicator when using this method. |Written Communication | | | |Strengths – I have managed to establish relationships over email a varied amount of time throughout my 12 month placement, and I have managed to keep a | |professional working relationships with these people, via Linked In, and I feel confident that if I needed there support I would be able to rely upon them | |for advice and support even 12 months later. This shows I have conveyed my personality through email and have managed to be personable and approachable | |through my writing skills. | | |Weaknesses | |My spelling and grammatical errors I something I need to be aware off, I tend to rush many emails, and this cannot look when speaking to a professional | |body as it undermines the content of my email. | |Due to emailing tutors and friends from all over the world, I need to make sure I distinguish the difference between a friendly more informal email to a | |formal email, for example ending an email with Kind Regards and Many thanks, can change the way you want your whole email to come across. So being specific| |with my language is key. | |I have learnt during the ILM course to use the P. O. W. E.R | |Understand How to Establish an Effective Team | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team | |Question 1: |Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team (approximately 100 words) | |Bellman and Ryan define an extraordinary group as on which: | |‘Achieves outstanding results while members experience a profound shift in how they see their world’. | |Extraordinary groups are not only productive as employees, but also develop personally during there p articipation. |Authors suggest that effective team work can exhibit these common factors, | |Full engagement, shared leadership, embracing differences etc | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work | |Question 2: |Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work (approximately 100 words) | |During team work you spend many hours in creative and energised environment – you get to know each others strengths and weaknesses and become a small | |support network for each other. This enables the employees to form connections which go deeper than usual work relationships. Through my own experience of | |working in a team this year, it has evolved into a long term friendship on a personal level outside of the group work at university. |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working | |Question 3: |Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working (ap proximately 100 words) | |Strong communication during team work can ensure that the team know and understand your visions and goals, and how you see the project going. This can make| |it easier when needing to combine an overall aim and setting various objectives. It means that you can achieve something together with no confusion and a | |mutual agreement. |Communication and personable behaviour can lead to strong support networks around, and creating a more confident and friendly environment to work in. | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain the differences between a group and a team | |Question 4: |Explain the differences between a group and a team (approximately 100 words) | |A team is internally organised, with specific goals and usually specific roles for different members of the team. A group is a collection of people with | |something in common something as simple as being in the same place or having a shared interest. | | | | |Assessment Criteria: |Describe the stages of an esta blished model of group formation | |Question 5: |Describe the stages of Tuckman’s model of group formation (approximately 100 words) | |Tuckman believes that all teams pass through four stages of development, gradually becoming more effective as the dynamics of the team change dramatically | |from periods of inefficiency and uneasiness through to a high period of performance. | |The four stages are as follows. |Forming: Uncertainty about roles, looking outside for guidance. | |Storming: Growing confidence in team, rejecting outside authority | |Norming: Concern about being different, wanting to be part of a team | |Performing: Concern with getting the job done | | | |He believes that a team will not be fully effective unless it reaches he stage of performing. Unless the four stage process is completed teams may | |degenerate too back into storming. | | |Assessment Criteria: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined i n an established team role model | |Question 6: |Explain how a manager could benefit from knowing team members’ preferred roles as defined in an established team role model, such as | | |Belbin’s model (approximately 100 words) | |If a manager can determine what roles are preferred by each team member they are able to have a strong insight into what is going on and who to go to for | |certain questions. For example if somebody is strong and enjoy financial analysis it makes it easier for the manager to delegate this to the team rather | |them than having to form together and get to know each other before assigning each other roles. Also if something goes the wrong the manager knows who to | |go to. | | |Belbin believes that new team members should be selected so that there is a balance both in terms of skill sets and team roles – if the manager knows what | |is missing he will be able to make an outside confirmed choice of what is needed in the team. | |Also ea ch role has its weaknesses. Knowing these weaknesses is useful for planning to avoid potential difficulties and for helping individuals develop – I | |personally feel this is the managers role. | | | | |

Free Essays on The Light Of Darkness

Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† leads us to believe that a sexually unfulfilled housewife or husband will eventually find sexual gratification somewhere else. That if people are not honest with their true feelings then somehow, somewhere their hidden intentions will become inevitable. Chopin reinforces this by Calixta and Alcà ¨e sudden and unintended passionate affair. Unfortunately, affairs are like things done in the dark of night, eventually the light of the day will shine. In Chopin’s story she portrayed the affair of Calixta and Alcà ¨e as being beneficial to their respective marriages, but no matter how understanding a person can be, the confession or the knowledge of an affair, the betrayal of such sacred trust, is usually devastating to a marriage. Sex is a very natural and important part of people’s lives, yet we are conditioned from small children to not let other people know how we really feel about our sex drives. This most especially applies to women from Chopin’s time era. Take for instance, that an unattached man can have sex with different women and it is socially acceptable, yet if an unattached woman has sex with several different men, she is considered a slut. That even in our more modern time era women are not suppose to have â€Å"sexual urges†. So we can only imagine want it was like for women in the 1800’s by author’s like Chopin. Chopin gives us the impression that Calixta and Bobinà ´t marriage is not a passionate one by her own description of Calixta and Bobinà ´t bedroom that had their four year old son’s bed next to Calixta’s side of the bed. We can assume that Calixta was a very passionate woman from several passages in the story and that she felt that she had to repress or deny her sexual urges, just by the placement of their son’s bed. It leads the reader to the idea that sex had to be done late in the evening and very quietly and passionless which probably was more than likely not very pleas... Free Essays on The Light Of Darkness Free Essays on The Light Of Darkness Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† leads us to believe that a sexually unfulfilled housewife or husband will eventually find sexual gratification somewhere else. That if people are not honest with their true feelings then somehow, somewhere their hidden intentions will become inevitable. Chopin reinforces this by Calixta and Alcà ¨e sudden and unintended passionate affair. Unfortunately, affairs are like things done in the dark of night, eventually the light of the day will shine. In Chopin’s story she portrayed the affair of Calixta and Alcà ¨e as being beneficial to their respective marriages, but no matter how understanding a person can be, the confession or the knowledge of an affair, the betrayal of such sacred trust, is usually devastating to a marriage. Sex is a very natural and important part of people’s lives, yet we are conditioned from small children to not let other people know how we really feel about our sex drives. This most especially applies to women from Chopin’s time era. Take for instance, that an unattached man can have sex with different women and it is socially acceptable, yet if an unattached woman has sex with several different men, she is considered a slut. That even in our more modern time era women are not suppose to have â€Å"sexual urges†. So we can only imagine want it was like for women in the 1800’s by author’s like Chopin. Chopin gives us the impression that Calixta and Bobinà ´t marriage is not a passionate one by her own description of Calixta and Bobinà ´t bedroom that had their four year old son’s bed next to Calixta’s side of the bed. We can assume that Calixta was a very passionate woman from several passages in the story and that she felt that she had to repress or deny her sexual urges, just by the placement of their son’s bed. It leads the reader to the idea that sex had to be done late in the evening and very quietly and passionless which probably was more than likely not very pleas...

Culture and Politics of the country of Mexico

Culture and Politics of the country of Mexico Culture is the way of life of a given people. It entails how people behave and perceive different life issues. It includes aspects like religion, ethnicity, customs, language, beliefs, and food among other aspects that define a people. Culture varies from one place to another depending on the circumstances surrounding a place, for instance, climate and environment and how people perceive things.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Culture and Politics of the country of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Politics on the other hand entails the process by which a group of individuals come together and make collective decisions. It could also be seen as a way through which state or governmental affairs are run. This piece of work will give an in depth discussion of the culture and politics of Mexico. Mexico has an interesting culture. Just like any other aspect, culture in Mexico has undergone a lot of changes especial ly as from the 20th century. People’s lifestyle, particularly those in the cities, has become similar to that experienced in Europe and the United States of America. In regard to language, Spanish is widely used in Mexico. However, there are a total of 62 indigenous languages that have been recognized by the Mexico government as national languages. Another cultural aspect in Mexico is art. Mexico is a country that is known for its folk art. The art has its origin from indigenous and Spanish crafts. There is a lot of pottery and garments embroidery. Pre Columbian architecture is widely spread in the country. In Mexico, religion is left open and there is no one religion that is made official. However, Catholicism has the largest membership, approximately 83%. Protestantism has 9% followers of the total population including Jehovah’s Witness and Seventh-day Adventist. Buddhism, Islam and Judaism are also proclaimed in Mexico although to a small extent. The ethnic groups include the Mestizos and about 52 indigenous ethnic groups (Joseph and Henderson 47). In regard to politics, Mexico government is a federal republic, led by President Felipe Calderà ³n who was elected in the year 2006. The government is founded on a congressional political system and thus the President has got a lot of powers and heads the state, the government as well as well as a multi-party structure. The federal government is deemed to represent the United Mexican States. It is divided into three branches; the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The government follows the political constitution of the United Mexican States, of 1817 (Wasserman 99).Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are about seven political parties in Mexico the main ones being the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the National Action Party, and the Party of the Democratic Revolut ion. All political parties are required to promote democracy in the country and to act as a medium through which the citizens can participate in public office affairs. Every individual who has reached 18years has a right to vote. In Mexico, there are usually different levels of elections, that is, the presidential elections, the congressional elections, and the State elections. There have been considerable changes in the Mexican politics all aimed at making the country better. However, there exist some political disputes due to varying views by different agencies. This has affected the country’s economy. For this reason, there ought to be a positive move taken by the President, the politicians and the political parties irrespective of the compromise that each unit ought to make for the best of the majority (Starr and Council on Foreign Relations 25). A map showing Mexico Culture and Politics (including the Government, Economy and Population) Source: https://www.factmonster.c om/atlas/north-america/mexico Joseph, Michael Gilbert, and Henderson Timothy. The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. Print. Starr, Pamela, and Council on Foreign Relations. Challenges for a Post election Mexico: Issues for U.S. Policy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Culture and Politics of the country of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wasserman, Mark. Everyday Life and Politics in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Men, Women, and War. Albuquerque, New Mexico: UNM Press, 2000. Print.

Carbohydrate Loading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Carbohydrate Loading - Assignment Example Under normal circumstances the energy requirement of the body is met by carbohydrate and fats however, for athletes undergoing strenuous training the main source of energy is carbohydrates which help in the working out of muscles. An athlete is at the peak of his performance as long as his body has enough carbohydrate to supply to his muscles in use. Once this storage of carbohydrates depletes and is completely exhausted, the body starts to use up the fats to provide energy. Therefore, it is crucial for athletes, especially those who are engaged in strenuous sports like marathon, to have enough carbohydrate storage during the entire run and this is where carbohydrate loading comes in. Glycogen Supercompensation is the scientific terminology for Carbohydrate Loading. It is the process through which the glycogen level in the muscles maybe increased by 60% through proper training and diet. Thus, the increased levels of glycogen reserves in the muscles mean that the athlete can now perform his best for a longer period of time without fatiguing his muscles and performing poorly. All carbohydrate loading methods have two stages- Carbohydrate depletion stage and Carbohydrate replenishment stage. I have selected the second method of carbohydrate loading and I shall provide a day-to-day guide. This method stretches over a week and must be started 1 week before the sports event. Like all other methods, this method also has two stages, i.e. the depletion of carbohydrates during which glycogen synthesizing enzymes are stimulated and the increasing of glycogen in particular muscles. It must be remembered that carbohydrate foods with low glycemic index must be taken because they stimulate the enzyme-glycogen synthetase, which is responsible for glycogen storage. Hydrating the body is important because for each gram of stored glycogen there must be 3-4grams of stored water. Two

Social Awareness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Awareness - Assignment Example The wife would rest her hand on her husband’s shoulder when she wanted him to stop so they could go inside a store. The husband would always let his wife enter a store first before him. Either of them would shake their head if they did not like the other’s suggestion. The non-verbal signals did not appear to make the interaction between the two of them difficult even without words. 4. Their non-verbal communication made it easy for me to think they are married. I think couples who are married are always close to each other. Couples who are not married do not just hold hands. They have their arms around each other’s waist or on each other’s shoulders. This is why I formed this impression about them very fast. 1. The next interaction I observed was in the grocery store. It was also noisy at this place. There were noises coming from the cash register, public announcement system, music and grocers. I see a lot of families today. It is a Sunday. I chose a family of three. The father was carrying a baby and pushing a grocery cart. The mother was holding a pen and checking off of a list. I heard the baby crying so I chose them to observe. 2. There were many signals for non-verbal communication I saw. The baby was crying and the father was moving the baby up and down his arm. I think this was his way to make the baby quiet. The baby did not stop. The mother was frowning. She got a pacifier from the baby bag and gave it to the father. I watched the father’s mouth form the word â€Å"Sshh†. I think the noise of the mall made the baby uncomfortable. The behavior of the baby affected the mother. She started choosing things faster. 3. The interaction was informal. I decided this because the woman and man stood close to each other. Also, the woman touched the man’s hand or shoulder many times. She passed grocery things to him quietly and he put them in the cart. They looked very comfortable with each other. 4. I quickly